Abstract
Iodine-131 (I-131) therapy has been an effective and safe alternative for many years among the definitive treatment options for hyperthyroidism. This review discusses the indications and contraindications of I-131 therapy in Graves’ disease, toxic adenoma, and toxic multinodular goiter, as well as pre-treatment preparation/evaluation steps and approaches to activity selection. The use of antithyroid drugs and beta-blockers is addressed, and points to consider in special situations such as pregnancy and breastfeeding, dialysis, Graves’ orbitopathy, and pediatric cases are summarized based on current evidence and guideline recommendations. Furthermore, early and late side effects, their management, radiation safety recommendations, and post-treatment follow-up are covered.
Keywords:
Hyperthyroidism, I-131 therapy, Graves’ disease, toxic adenoma, toxic multinodular goiter
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